It's not fun to think about, but your personal information is big business. There are people out there willing to buy your private chat logs, photos, or videos to use in identity theft schemes, scams driven by generative AI, or good old-fashioned blackmail. You should do what you can to protect your data, starting with communicating with a secure private messenger. We've been reviewing popular private messaging apps for over a decade, so you can trust us to point you in the right direction. Signal is our top pick overall, thanks to its uncompromising privacy, but other good options exist. Here's how some of the most popular privacy-focused encrypted messaging services measure up in our tests of ease of use, social features, and video and voice chat.
Overview
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![Signal Private Messenger]()
Best OverallSignal Private Messenger
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![Session]()
Best for Anonymous TextingSession
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![WhatsApp]()
Biggest User BaseWhatsApp
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![Briar]()
Best for Avoiding SurveillanceBriar
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![Telegram]()
Best for Social NetworkingTelegram
You Can Trust Our Reviews
Deeper Dive: Our Top Tested Picks
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Credit: Signal
![Signal Private Messenger]()
Best OverallSignal Private Messenger
Pros & Cons
We consider Signal to be an excellent choice for private messaging, and it's easy to see why. All messages are end-to-end encrypted (E2EE), and Signal is a nonprofit, so there's no reason to harvest user data. Signal's underlying technology is so successful that it has been implemented by Google and Meta.
Why We Picked It
Pricing and plans: Signal is free, though you can pay $1.99 per month for a subscription to the Chat Backups feature. Chat Backups allows you to store your conversations locally on your computer or device.
Key features: Signal offers robust video and voice chat, in addition to standard texting. You can attach files, add stickers, take and edit selfies, and record encrypted audio in your individual and group chats. The Disappearing Messages option lets you set a lifespan for your messages, and when that time's up, they disappear. The app offers a "Stories" feature that lets you upload photos, videos, or messages to your profile, which disappear after a specified time.
Platforms: Signal is available on Android and iOS, with companion desktop apps for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
Who It's For
Beginners and non-tech-savvy texters: Signal does the best job of balancing security and usability. The app's settings menus are particularly easy to navigate, making it a good option for people who struggle to adapt to new apps.
Specs & Configurations
End-to-End Encryption For All Messages By Default Requires Phone Number Supported Client Software Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Learn More Signal Private Messenger Review -
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Credit: Session
![Session]()
Best for Anonymous TextingSession
Pros & Cons
Session is a highly secure, ultra-private open-source messaging app that you can use on every device you own. We like that Session disables screenshots by default.
Why We Picked It
Pricing and plans: Session is completely free.
Key features: Session does not require any personal data at signup, which is unique among other cross-platform private messaging apps we've reviewed. It also uses onion routing to obscure your connection data, which is helpful for people who need extra privacy. Session offers text, video, and voice chat across all platforms.
Platforms: You can use Session on Android and iOS devices, as well as Linux, macOS, and Windows computers.
Who It's For
Ultra-private texters: Session is best for anonymous texting. We like that the app doesn't ask for personal information when you sign up, making it easier to chat without leaving a trail for snoops to follow.
Specs & Configurations
End-to-End Encryption For All Messages By Default Supported Client Software Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Learn More Session Review -
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![WhatsApp]()
Biggest User BaseWhatsApp
Pros & Cons
Originally conceived as a way to avoid costly international texting fees, WhatsApp has grown into a social juggernaut. The company takes security seriously and enables end-to-end encryption by default for all conversations, except those involving business accounts.
Why We Picked It
Pricing and plans: WhatsApp and WhatsApp Business are both free.
Key features: WhatsApp offers disappearing messages for chats, groups, and communities, video and voice calls, social elements like channels and communities, and plenty of fun customization options.
Platforms: You can use WhatsApp on most mobile and desktop devices, as well as on the web. As with Signal and Telegram, you need a valid phone number to set up a WhatsApp account. You also have to divulge your birthdate, which is a unique requirement for apps in this category.
Who It's For
Popular people: Everyone you know is probably already on WhatsApp, so if you're looking for the app you won't have to convince people to install, this is a good bet. If you let the app access your device's Contact list, you're likely to find every person you've ever talked to on the app.
Specs & Configurations
End-to-End Encryption For All Non-Business Messages Requires Phone Number Supported Client Software Android, iOS, macOS, Windows Web Interface Learn More WhatsApp Review -
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Credit: Briar Project
![Briar]()
Best for Avoiding SurveillanceBriar
Pros & Cons
Briar is the most privacy-focused messaging app we've tested. It doesn't request user data and disables screenshots and screen recording by default, which is fantastic.
Why We Picked It
Pricing and plans: Briar is free.
Key features: Briar blocks screenshots by default, which is handy for private conversations, but since it is text-only, it lacks a lot of the functionality found in other private messaging apps that have social components or elements like video and voice chatting.
Platforms: Briar is available on Android devices.
Who It's For
People who are avoiding surveillance: Briar doesn't need a central server to sync messages between users, which is great for activists, journalists, political figures, or anyone else who is worried about surveillance. That said, Briair is text-only and limited to Android devices, making it less functional for casually chatting with family or friends.
Specs & Configurations
End-to-End Encryption For All Messages By Default Supported Client Software Android Learn More Briar Review -
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Credit: Telegram
![Telegram]()
Best for Social NetworkingTelegram
Pros & Cons
More than any other app, Telegram has evolved the idea of instant messaging into something wholly unique. With Telegram, you can talk to your friends, but you can also create communities, hold live streams, and so on.
Why We Picked It
Pricing and plans: Telegram is free, but if you want to choose who can contact you on the platform, you'll need to pay. Telegram Premium costs $59.88 annually if you pay the monthly rate, though this price is usually discounted. Premium plan highlights include the following: no ads, AI tools that can change your messages to a different language or style, no sharing for private chats, animated emoji and message effects, infinite message reactions, unlimited Story posts, 4GB shared files, faster media downloads, the ability to follow up to 1,000 channels, access to Telegram Business features (see more on Telegram Business toward the end), voice message transcription, real-time chat translation, and the ability to review everyone's last seen and read times.
Key features: In addition to the app's texting, video, and voice chat features, Telegram offers a dizzying array of chat window customizations, including wallpapers, specialized themes, alternative app designs, reduced animation settings, and a toggle to hide 18+ media in messages. Telegram also has plenty of "fun" options baked into the app. For example, you can create a sticker from any photo posted in a chat window, or start a live broadcast straight from your Stories tab.
Platforms: Telegram is available for Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows, as well as via a web browser. Your messages will sync across your devices, so you can seamlessly answer texts on your mobile devices and your desktop.
Who It's For
Community organizers: Telegram is a good place to build or participate in communities of people with shared interests. Telegram is the most social-friendly app on this list, with features like channels and broadcasting functions that make it easy to find new people to entertain.
Specs & Configurations
End-to-End Encryption For Some Modes Only Requires Phone Number Supported Client Software Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows Web Interface Learn More Telegram Review -
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4.5 Outstanding |
4.0 Excellent |
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3.5 Good |
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4.0 Excellent |
Best For | Best Overall | Best for Anonymous Texting | Biggest User Base | Best for Avoiding Surveillance | Best for Social Networking | Best Overall | Best for Anonymous Texting | Biggest User Base |
End-to-End Encryption | For All Messages By Default | For All Messages By Default | For All Non-Business Messages | For All Messages By Default | For Some Modes Only | For All Messages By Default | For All Messages By Default | For All Non-Business Messages |
Requires Phone Number | ||||||||
Supported Client Software | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows | Android, iOS, macOS, Windows | Android | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows | Android, iOS, macOS, Windows |
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Buying Guide: The Best Private Messaging Apps for 2026
Why Should I Use a Private Messaging App?
Privacy and security are terms often used interchangeably (especially in cybersecurity product marketing), but we use them to mean very different things. When we talk about privacy, we're referring to information that can be used to track or identify you, like photos, conversations, your location, or the names of your family and friends. When we talk about security, we're referring to whether you or your data are vulnerable to attack or theft. We make this distinction because many factors can erode your privacy without necessarily affecting your security.
(Credit: René Ramos; puhhha/Shutterstock.com)You should care about protecting your privacy because many, many companies and individuals are keen to harvest and sell your data. You should care about the chat app's security because you don't want the app to get hacked, leading to criminals leaking your private chats, photos, or videos.
Are Private Messaging Apps Secure?
The best services use a process called end-to-end encryption (E2EE), where messages are encrypted so that only the intended recipients—not the messaging company or anyone spying on your activity—can see their contents. The encrypted messaging apps in this roundup all use E2EE, but they're not all implemented the same way. Briar and Session use a decentralized network to receive and send user messages. This is great because it means user data isn't stored on a single central server that could be attacked or infiltrated. These two ultra-secure messaging apps also disable in-app screenshots and recording for all users by default, though you can turn off that setting in Session's Settings menu.
Private messaging apps with more social components, such as Signal, Telegram, and WhatsApp, offer fewer default security measures but do offer options to increase security on the platform. Signal and WhatsApp use E2EE by default for all person-to-person and group chats, as well as voice and video. Both also use the Signal Protocol, which has been evaluated and implemented by Google, Meta (read: Facebook), and others.
Telegram's E2EE implementation is a different story. With Telegram, only Secret Chats are end-to-end encrypted. All other chats—normal one-to-one, group, and others—are still encrypted, but Telegram holds the keys. That means the company could potentially read your messages or be compelled to hand over your conversations to law enforcement. Telegram once said it wouldn't do this, but the company has recently changed its stance on sharing data with the authorities. Either way, we prefer a tried-and-true E2EE implementation over homegrown encryption methods.
If you message a business account on WhatsApp, your message content is not encrypted. Business accounts are clearly marked, and there's a separate WhatsApp Business app. Plus, the expectation of privacy when communicating with a business like Big Max's Kombucha Haus isn't the same as you'd expect when chatting with your spouse.
Which Private Messaging App Best Protects Your Privacy?
Everyone has a different reason for using a private messaging app, so we've included apps for a wide range of use cases. There are E2EE apps on this list with social media features, including broadcasting, audio and video conferencing, and new contact discoverability. These apps tend to require more customer data, making them less private by default. There are also apps on the list that let you be truly anonymous, so you don't have to provide any personal data to chat with people you know. Below is a look at what level of privacy to expect from each kind of app:
Messaging With Hybrid Apps
Signal, Telegram, and WhatsApp are all messaging apps that contain social media components. These features, while fun, can muddy the privacy waters because they need data to help users find new people to interact with. Of the three "private-yet-social" messaging apps, Signal appears to be the most trustworthy, as it's a free app run by a registered nonprofit that pledges never to sell, rent, or lease customer data.
Telegram's website has published several commitments to user privacy over the years, but it's run by a for-profit organization. Experts say the platform's lax enforcement of rules makes it a hotbed for scams and other cybercrimes.
WhatsApp's biggest privacy problem is its parent company's reputation. Facebook purchased the app before it became Meta and thus shares the parent company's scandalous past. To its credit, WhatsApp is transparent about its relationship with Meta and provides detailed information about the data it shares with its parent company. Basically, your messages (except those to businesses) are between you and your contacts, but some identifying information—including IP addresses—may be shared. All said, many Meta apps collect massive amounts of data, but WhatsApp isn't on the list of most invasive apps for a reason.
Signal and WhatsApp's social components are geared toward making calls or having text or video conversations with lots of people you know. Telegram's social features, like channels and broadcasting, are for finding an audience or connecting with new people.
(Credit: Signal/WhatsApp/Telegram/PCMag)Each of the three apps requires a phone number to use, and all request access to your contacts to find your existing friends. That means none of them is suitable for totally anonymous chatting. Signal is the most usable while sharing the least information, while WhatsApp requires access to your contact list for full-featured texting. Signal and WhatsApp hash your contact list information, so they never store your friends' actual phone numbers.
In testing, we were impressed with Telegram's Secret Chats feature, which blocks device-level screenshots and screen recording. Signal and WhatsApp have similar features for users' regular chats. All of the apps allow users to customize their privacy settings in the Settings menu.
Texting On Anonymous Messaging Apps
Going a step further in the privacy department are apps that let you remain truly anonymous, such as Briar and Session. These apps are E2EE, open source, and don't collect user data at sign-up. Just create a username-based login and add people you know to start chatting. Briar and Session also don't request access to your devices' Contact list. That said, these apps are meant to be used by people who are avoiding surveillance, like government agents or journalists, so there aren't a lot of "fun features" or options for discovering new users.
Can Law Enforcement Read Your Chats?
The bad news is that law enforcement has many avenues to obtain your private conversations. The good news is that in 2021, an FBI document detailed exactly how well Signal, Telegram, WhatsApp, and others stand up to these methods. The feds say they can't get the contents of Signal and Telegram messages (at least not without the companies' help), which is great.
The same FBI document mentioned above covers some privacy information. The document notes that Telegram might hand over IP address information and phone numbers of confirmed terrorists. Signal has no such information to offer (although Signal does require users' phone numbers to function). The FBI can apparently obtain some information on address book contacts with a court order and can use a pen register to obtain source and destination data (but not message contents) for messages every 15 minutes.
It's important to remember that law enforcement can read your messages in other ways. If, for example, someone invites a journalist to your group chat, as was the case in the attack-planning group chat incident on Signal last year, it's unlikely that your conversations will stay private. Also, if any of the people in your group chat take screenshots of your conversations, the texts can be obtained via a simple search on their unlocked devices. If you have concerns about securing your messages or your device, read PCMag's guide to locking down your phone before traveling across the US border.
Which Messaging App Is the Easiest to Use?
If you're familiar with text messaging, all three encrypted messaging apps listed here are easy to adopt. The user interface features familiar speech-bubble text messages, and you can customize the apps' appearance in settings.
The most popular app is WhatsApp. Just about anyone you've ever wanted to talk to is on the platform (and everyone you hoped you'd never see again). The hardest part of using the other apps on this list will be finding other users to chat with.
The apps are also pretty fun to use. Signal offers light-hearted features like Stories, reaction GIFs, and stickers. Telegram and WhatsApp have had these perks for a while, which have helped make them popular.
Telegram started monetizing some features, putting access to certain emoji and privacy settings behind a paywall, which is not ideal. You can still edit your photos for free using the app's powerful image editing tools, though, which is nice. Telegram and WhatsApp use generative AI-powered tools to edit your avatar, and you can add interesting filters or backdrops to your video calls.
Which Messaging App Is the Most Social?
Telegram and WhatsApp offer full social experiences, letting you easily create group and private chats using a wide network of contacts already on the app. Popularity comes at a price, though, as Telegram has made headlines for instances of misinformation being generated and spread widely via its vast network of group chats.
We like that Telegram makes it fairly easy to find new people to chat with, but many of its public spaces are clogged with scammers and spam posts. That's because Telegram operates more like a social media platform than a private messaging service. Unlike traditional social networking forums, content moderation on Telegram is handled by individual group moderators or channel owners.
The content found in the Telegram group channels ranges from family-friendly hobbyists chatting about shared interests to explicit or violent media posted among strangers. In other words, it's a good idea to use caution when communicating or joining a new group on Telegram or any other private messaging app.
Which Messaging App Has the Best Voice and Video Calling?
Each service makes voice and video calling tools easy to find and use. However, it's hard to say which is more reliable since it depends heavily on network conditions and individual hardware. Signal and WhatsApp extend end-to-end encryption to voice and video calls, while Telegram's encryption caveats apply to video and voice calls.
(Credit: Signal/WhatsApp/Telegram/PCMag)Each service supports 30–40 participants—more than enough for a family or small group. Telegram is probably your best bet if you want to build a following. The service lets you create groups of up to 200,000 people. That said, established social media and streaming platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Twitch, and YouTube are probably better for established or aspiring influencers.
Signal's video conferencing capabilities are on par with Zoom, Google Meet, and other video conferencing software for large-scale ad hoc video calls. You can create a link to a Signal video call and share it with anyone you want to join instead of starting a group call and sending out invitations.